The problems of hydrocarbon extraction

The problems associated with hydrocarbon extraction in the EEZ are discussed under the headings of resources and environment, technology and the industrial structure, government management, decision-making, and policy formulation. Policy areas identified include boundary delimitation relative to resources, environment and technology, co-ordination and decision-making machinery, relationships with UK and EEC energy policies, and regional planning of the sea and coastal areas used by the off-shore industry.     

Emerging organizational values in shipping: Part 4. Decentralization—the redefinition of authority in shipping company organization

Decentralization is a major theme of organizational change in shipping. It is often seen as 'putting power back aboard ship'. However, the authors argue that this view is too simple. Decentralization poses fundamental questions about the entire management structure of the shipping company. The redistribution of authority necessary for decentralization is discussed in terms of the company organization structure.     

节理塑性对岩体性能的影响分析(英文)

节理岩体的受力性能既取决于材料本身，又取决于节理面的力学性能。特别是剪切引起的节理面塑性性能对节理乃至整个岩全的力学反应都会有一定的影响。采用有限元方法并利用考虑节理塑性的弹塑性节理单元仿真裂缝，探讨了节理面塑性对节理体弹性性能的宏观影响。     

一种新型温度传感器和温度表校验台的研制

文中介绍的校验台可对内燃机车的温度传感器，温度表进行了单独校验和成套校验。由于采用了一种新的非线性Ｂａｎｇ－Ｂａｎｇ控制和线性ＰＩＤ控制相结合的双模控制方式及特殊的降温和均温措施，其升降温速度，恒温度精度，温槽内液体温度的均匀度等各项性能指标均优于以往的校验台。     

Design of passive vehicle suspensions for maximal least damping ratio

This paper studies the use of the least damping ratio among system poles as a performance metric in passive vehicle suspensions. Methods are developed which allow optimal solutions to be computed in terms of non-dimensional quantities in a quarter-car vehicle model. Solutions are provided in graphical form for convenient use across vehicle types. Three suspension arrangements are studied: the standard suspension involving a parallel spring and damper and two further suspension arrangements involving an inerter. The key parameters for the optimal solutions are the ratios of unsprung mass to sprung mass and suspension static stiffness to tyre vertical stiffness. A discussion is provided of performance trends in terms of the key parameters. A comparison is made with the optimisation of ride comfort and tyre grip metrics for various vehicle types.     

基于二维激光扫描的煤场储量计算与显示

利用二维激光扫描技术获取煤堆各截面的外表面x,y坐标,通过OLE自动化[1]技术读取和转换自定义格式的三维煤堆数据,并依据Marching Cubes和直接体绘制显示煤场三维形状,并根据数值积分求总体积和经验公式估算出煤的使用量并对煤储量进行合理的调用管理,还对三维数据场的两种体积计算方法进行了计算精度分析。     

Synergies between Adjacent Beach-Nourishing Communities in a Morpho-Economic Coupled Coastline Model

Beach “nourishment” consists of placing sand on an eroding beach. The widened beach provides increased storm protection to adjacent structures and improved recreational benefits, but is most often transient, requiring on-going, repeated nourishment episodes. Numerical models of beach nourishment typically address such questions as how long a widened beach will last; economic models compare the benefits and costs of preserving a stretch of beach without regard to its geomorphic evolution. Neither have addressed the physical nor economic interactions between adjacent nourishing communities. Here, we couple a numerical model of coastline evolution and a cost-benefit model of beach nourishment, allowing adjacent communities to make dynamic nourishment decisions. Beach nourishment benefits adjacent communities both “updrift” and “downdrift.” The total amount of money spent on nourishment activities can decrease by as much as 25% when adjacent communities both conduct on-going nourishment projects, as opposed to the case where each community nourishes in isolation.     

Towards a simplified performance-linked value for money model as a reference point for bus contract payments

The burgeoning commitment to contracting the delivery of bus services through competitive tendering or negotiated performance-based contracts has been accompanied by as many contract payments schemes as there are contracts. We are now well placed to design a simplified performance-linked payment (SPLP) model that can be used as a reference point to ensure value for money, given the accumulation of experiences throughout the world which have revealed substantive common elements in contracts. Whether the payment to the operator is framed as a payment per passenger or as a payment per service kilometre, the SPLP identifies efficient subsidy outcomes that are linked to a proxy indicator of net social benefit per dollar of subsidy. We illustrate how the SPLP model can be applied to obtain the gross (subsidy) cost per passenger (or per passenger km) from measures of gross cost efficiency and network effectiveness. This model can then be used as part of a benchmarking activity to identify reference value of money prospects in respect of passengers per $ subsidy outlay by adjusting for influences not under the control of the service provider. A single framework to identify contract payments to operators, and to assess (i.e., benchmark) operator performance on critical KPIs, is provided by internalising critical key performance indicators (KPIs) in the design of the SPLP. The proposed SPLP model is sufficiently general to be independent of the procurement method (competitive tendered or negotiated, for example) and of the treatment of revenue allocation (net or gross based contracts), with the additional advantage of being able to assess value for money for government.     

A study of jack-up leg drag coefficients

The accurate prediction of drag coefficients for truss-type jack-up legs is an important part of a unit's design. Over the past 14 years, a series of windtunnel tests have been conducted on both square and triangular cross-section leg configurations. A calculation method which closely fits the model test data has also been adopted. A previous paper described the early testing and the MMEC calculation method for square legs. Since then, testing and research have continued on both square and triangular leg designs. This paper describes the more recent testing performed on square legs, and it details the testing and the MMEC method for triangular legs. In addition, the effects of cornerpost design and surface roughness are discussed. Several example calculations are provided in Appendices.